Lessons of Cyclone Winston: Preventing Corruption in Post Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation Operations
Contents
1.
Introduction: Anti-Corruption Strategies in Relief and Rehabilitation
Work2. Preventing Corruption in Post-Disaster Humanitarian Relief and Rehabilitation Operations
3. Proactive Anti-Corruption Strategies
4. NGO Support for STC Winston Relief and Rehabilitation
5. Proactive Approaches in Dealing with Transparency and Accountability
6. Tracking Statistics
7. Key Recommendations
8. References
1.
Introduction: Anti-Corruption Strategies in Relief and Rehabilitation
Work
Jofiliti Veikoso (Chairperson: CLCT – Integrity Fiji)This Report covers good governance and anti-corruption strategies during times of natural disasters. It looks at the 2016 Cyclone Winston relief and rehabilitation work as a case-study example of how anti-corruption strategies can be used effectively. It is noted that the Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption (FICAC) played a pivotal role in ensuring that attempts at illicit transactions during relief and rehabilitation works were strenuously discouraged.
It is during times
of natural disasters that the local and international communities contribute
generously. It is often the case that donations in cash and kind often do not
reach the suffering people who need them most.
One explanation is
that so much aid is often supplied by donors that overwhelms the state and
non-state agencies responsible for distribution to affected groups.
Another reason is
that the rapid distribution of relief supplies can be so huge that the workers
involved are not able to effectively monitor their distribution (due to
manpower shortages, budgetary constraints, etc) thereby resulting in some
underhand transactions creeping in.
Transparency
International noted in its Handbook of Good Governance in Humanitarian
Operations, that corruption happens and, “is hardly surprising: relief is
delivered in challenging environments. The injection of large amounts of
resources into poor economies, where institutions may have been damaged or
destroyed, can exaggerate power imbalances and increase opportunities for
corruption.”
The Fijian
Government in 2016 worked well to track donations and provide status updates on
relief and rehabilitation efforts.
However, there are
still dishonest people who will always try to game the system.
Transparency International
notes that there are six important aspects that can reduce/alleviate corruption
and bring down wastage in disaster relief and rehabilitation aid. These are
listed as “country ownership; community-driven and participatory processes;
transparency of aid flows; financial safeguards and administrative capacity;
oversight, monitoring, and evaluation; and effective anti-corruption
enforcement and complaint handling.”
It is hoped that
this Report will encourage more discussions and research to build on best
practices and good governance in relief and rehabilitation work during natural
disasters.
Please feel free to
send your comments / views on the Report to Dr Joseph Veramu: email: joseph.veramu@outlook.com
2.
Preventing Corruption
in Post-Disaster Humanitarian Relief and
Rehabilitation Operations
This publication is
a Case Study of Corruption Prevention Strategies that were put in place during relief
and rehabilitation work after Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston (STC Winston)
struck Fiji on 20 February 2016.
It is noted that
disaster response in Fiji is being strengthened, with the refurbishment in 2019
of nine emergency operations centres in various parts of Fiji. https://www.spc.int/updates/news/2019/02/refurbished-emergency-operations-centres-to-strengthen-disaster-response-in
Severe Cyclone Winston was the first ever
Category 5 cyclone (with gusts of up to 325 kilometres per hour) to hit Fiji leaving
a trail of destruction as it shattered lives, brought flooding, destroyed
crops, damaged facilities and homes, and caused infrastructure damage.
With the exception of hotels and resorts in
Ra, Savusavu and other parts of the Northern Division, most other resorts in
Vitilevu were not seriously damaged. Nadi International Airport also emerged
unscathed.
Given that natural disasters are a yearly
occurrence, it is noted that disaster management and post-disaster responses
were proactive. Since 2013, Government Ministries working with the National
Disaster Management Office, UN Agencies like UNICEF and NGOs like the Fiji Red
Cross had been carrying out disaster preparedness campaigns to inform and
encourage people in times of natural disasters. This came out clearly in a report in the Fiji Times of 23/2/16 where 66
year-old Marica Naqisa said she was happy she and fellow villagers were trained
on what to do during cyclones two days before Cyclone Winston hit them. Ms
Naqisa stated that if the Fiji Red Cross had not conducted an awareness
program, there would have been fatalities in the village. The 300 villagers of
Nokonoko in the interior of Ra were sheltered in the church until the cyclone
passed. About 52 homes were destroyed with only 10 left standing.
Economic benefits of compliance
The economic benefits of compliance
to anti corruption procedures and processes especially in infrastructure
construction came out clearly after the severe cyclone. While 5 jetties in the
Northern Division and many health and school facilities were damaged or
destroyed, many of the principle roads and bridges withstood the full force of
the cyclone. While extreme weather events experienced in
Fiji are an annual challenge it is expected that the best workmanship on
capital projects are undertaken to the highest standards. This is a testament
to the stringent quality compliance that prevented shoddy work in these
infrastructures.
The economic benefits of risk management also
extended to the public’s sense of civic duty. NGOs and the NDMO shared information on the places where non state and
Government agencies visited. This was with the view of avoiding duplication and
reducing wastage of limited resources.
Duty and VAT exemption on overseas donations were allowed with the Fiji
Customs and Revenue Authority monitoring for compliance.
This Tracking Report is based
on literature reviews of local, regional and international media reports of STC
Winston. It covers transparency and accountability factors pertaining to the
relief and rehabilitation efforts after the extensive devastation to the
nation.
3.
Proactive Anti-Corruption Strategies
CLCT – Integrity Fiji believes that it is important to addressthe corruption risks that can affect relief and rehabilitation work after natural disasters like Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston.
We believe that the sharing of information, open discussion and
coordinated action by NGOs and state agencies are the most effective means of
implementing zero-tolerance policies against corruption.
CLCT-IF believes that the most damaging aspect is when poor people affected
by disasters are denied relief and rehabilitation supplies due to corrupt
practices.
Humanitarian aid is supposed to save lives and lessen the suffering of
people in times of disasters.
CLCT-IF’s definition of corruption is: ‘the abuse of entrusted power for private gain’. This covers
financial corruption such as fraud, bribery, extortion, kickbacks and also
non-financial types of corruption, such as the diversion of relief and
rehabilitation assistance to benefit those not affected by disasters. There is
also the demand for sexual favours in exchange for allocation of relief
resources; preferential treatment in assistance or nepotism in hiring family
members or friends. Of concern is the intimidation of staff or beneficiaries to
turn a blind eye to or participate in corruption.
‘Private Gain’ is not always financial as the abuse of power may be done
to enhance personal or organisational reputation. The worst aspect of
corruption is the channelling of life-saving resources from the most vulnerable
people in natural disasters. Corruption also damages staff morale and an
organisation’s reputation. It undermines the relief and rehabilitation effort.
CLCT-Integrity Fiji wishes
to develop coalitions and engage Government, NGOs, public institutions, private
sector representatives and the public in addressing corruption and promoting
transparency, accountability and integrity.
4.
NGO Support for Cyclone Winston Relief and
Rehabilitation
Displaying integrity and dedication in volunteer work is a higher form
of anti-corruption advocacy. These role models discourage illicit transactions
and enhance the affirming narrative on anti-corruption.
Non-governmental agencies and groups played a pivotal role in the
Cyclone Winston relief and rehabilitation initiative. Their activities had been
coordinated through the the NGO Disaster Coordination Centre (NDCC) of the Fiji
Council of Social Services (FCOSS). They worked around the clock with a
dedicated group of volunteers
NGOs had
proactively facilitated the distribution of donated items from overseas and the
handling of paperwork for duty and VAT exemption directly to the Ministry of
Economy. Several high-profile NGOs had also received grants from multilateral
agencies for the relief and rehabilitation effort. It was expected that
transparency and accountability factors were expedited through audits of these
funds.
Volunteers: The
biggest contribution that NGOs had made to the post TC Winston relief and
rehabilitation work was the mobilization of thousands of volunteers. They helped
in all facets of the post TC Winston relief and rehabilitation effort. The majority of volunteers were youths and it
is to the credit of the NGO community that after TC Winston these dedicated
young people worked tirelessly without expecting any remuneration.
CLCT-IF’s “Youths For Integrity” volunteers, for example, worked with the
Fiji Red Cross, Vodafone/ATH, FENC, ASPIRE and FCOSS.
The bulk of volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 25. Many said that
while they were personally traumatised by the scale of the destruction and
suffering, they did not have time to feel dejected as most of those
they distributed relief supplies to expected encouragement and even prayers
from them.
Most volunteers had to pay for their own transport costs and in many cases,
the meals provided to them during work time were usually basic snacks. The Fiji
Council of Social Services coordinated NGOs in relief and volunteer work
in coordination with NDMO / DISMAC with great efficiency.
Constructive
Collaboration between Government and NGOs: Thirty government departments, NGOs and other
agencies were trained on how to analyze data and ensure consistency after
natural disasters. The Post Disaster Needs Assessment training integrated the
activities of all stakeholders so that all assistance was coordinated and
effective. The World Bank, the United Nations and the European Union provided
support for this exercise. The
National Disaster Management Office worked constructively with international
donors, NGOs, civil society, business houses and individuals in providing
relief to the many communities affected by STC Winston.
5.
Proactive Approach to
Dealing with Transparency and Accountability
At the outset of STC Winston relief and rehabilitation work, various
agencies like the Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption (FICAC), the National Disaster Management Office
(NDMO) the Divisional Commissioner’s
offices, the Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority (FRCA), and the Office of the
Prime Minister made it clear that corruption in any form would not be tolerated.
Upholding Good Practices: An
important factor in the push for economic recovery after STC Winston was the
need for businesses to practice fair trade practices. The Fiji Commerce
Commission had warned that penalties including imprisonment could be imposed if
businesses engaged in unfair practices after Cyclone Winston. Commission Chair
Joann Young had stated that the public had filed complaints regarding some
businesses jacking up prices, hoarding goods, refusing to provide supplies and
adulterating certain consumer products to make an unfair profit.
It was also noted that the Commissioners Offices moved fast in
investigating claims of rations abuse and corruption.
The following are a series
of reports that provide an overview of anti corruption initiatives post TC
Winston.
Team complete probe on discrepancies of food ration distribution claim.
On March 11, Commissioner Northern Jovesa Vocea directed a team
to investigate allegations of discrepancies of food ration distribution on
Taveuni. The completed report was sent to the NDMO and the Office of the Prime
Minister. The investigation found no evidence of corruption by the Government
official. http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=345166
The Fiji Independent
Commission Against Corruption worked closely with the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) and
Divisional Commissioners offices to ensure that transparency and accountability
processes were in place throughout the rehabilitation operation post Cyclone
Winston. FICAC Officers acted as liaison officers in advisory roles and
provided support at a time when Government manpower resource were stretched.
Public officers undertook this work with the goal of drastically reducing the
possibility of abuse. It was noted in previous audit reports that there had
been allegations of abuse including mishandling of funds and resources for past
disaster relief operations hence the need to engage at the outset with DISMAC.
FICAC noted that kickbacks and advantages had sprung up as a common corrupt
practice during disaster procurement.
This was due to managers often having discretionary powers to influence
purchasing and contracting decisions. FICAC’s presence was to ensure that the
system was transparent and accountable so that assistance reached the people
who urgently needed them. They also noted that in the reconstruction of
infrastructure, there was often the abuse of inflating contracts and the use of
substandard material. This needed to be monitored for compliance to set
standards. FICAC also said that false delivery dockets might be made which show
high number of materials being purchased while in fact lower number of items
may be delivered to the required areas. Verification would be required to
counter-check materials and allocations, to reduce the mismanagement of relief
funds and to ensure that the people in affected areas received fair and
adequate attention.
5/3=2016 fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/05/ficac-on-lookout-for-corrupt-practices-on-the-back-of-cyclone-winston
The Director of the National Disaster Management Office Mr
Akapusi Tuifagalele said that Government would not condone opportunists. He
stated this point because of a media report that some Cyclone Winston victims
had been reportedly selling or bartering surplus rations provided by the NDMO
Office and other donors. He said that they were aware of the issue. They had
not received formal complaints from their ground staff or the Divisional
Commissioners. It was noted that Commissioner Western Manasa Tagicakibau had
alerted the Roko Tui and district advisory councillors to be aware of the issue
especially when there were many agencies giving out food rations. Commissioner
Central, Setareki Tale indicated he was not aware of the matter. His office had
reduced the distribution of rations to two week’s supply instead of a month to
stop abuse by families. He said they also had their own people on the ground
monitoring the situation.
NDMO noted that the
Fiji Independent Commission against Corruption (FICAC) and the Office of the Auditor-General
were closely working with NDMO to prevent corruption. (7/3/2016)http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/07/govt-will-not-condone-opportunists/)
Rations Abuse Reports Along
Kings Highway: The
Fiji Sun reported on March 6th that some Cyclone Winston victims
were alleged to be selling or bartering surplus rations provided by the
National Disaster Management Office and other donors. Reporters visited some
communities and noted that such acts were becoming widespread. In
Varavu, Ba it was alleged that some cyclone victims were selling part of their
rations. NDMO director Akapusi Tuifagalele said that people who were victims
and were being provided with rations should use it for their sustainability and
their survival. He said the Government does not support victims making gains
out of what they are given.
http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/06/rations-abuse-reports-along-kings-highway/
FRCA investigates abuse of tax concession for relief donations: The Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority investigated
one case of abuse of the tax concession on consignments that was shipped to
Fiji for relief and rehabilitation purposes post TC Winston. They were
investigating an allegation that involved a particular person or group abusing
the tax concession. The penalty can be up to three times the value of the goods
itself. FRCA noted that there were opportunists who would take advantage of the
tax exemptions announced by the Government on relief consignments addressed to
the Ministry of Economy. FRCA is vigilant in combating any abuse of concession.
https://www.newswire.com.fj/national/frca-investigates-abuse-of-tax-concession-for-relief-donations/
Do not abuse the system
says PM (Apr 10, 2016) The Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama had
warned that anyone found to be cheating or abusing the Help for Homes initiative would face the full force of the law.
Audit teams from the Ministry of Economy carried out spot checks after
the pre-paid electronic cards were dispensed. Legislation was introduced in Parliament to impose special penalties
including prison terms on any Fijian who tries to benefit personally by making
false claims. Government is determined, at all costs, to protect the
credibility and integrity of the recovery and rebuilding process. http://preview-www.fbc.com.fj/fiji/39212/do-not-abuse-the-system-says-pm
6. Fiji’s Economy
6. Fiji’s Economy
While the 2016 economic growth forecast for Fiji was
revised downwards to 2.5%, the Reserve Bank of Fiji continued to maintain the Overnight
Policy Rate at 0.5% to help rebuild the economy. It was expected that the
inflation rate would be below 3%. Fiji’s foreign reserves at that period stood
at $2.019 billion which was enough to cover 5.7 months of imports. While this
was buoyant, it went down slightly due to demands for imports in the following
quarter, to help in rehabilitation work. Agriculture exports were lower given
the $208 million loss in crops and livestock. The Ministry of Agriculture had
started giving out seedlings to farmers in the West and North.
The Reserve Bank of Fiji had also taken decisive
action in reintroducing the Natural Disaster Rehabilitation Facility (NDRF) to
provide funding for businesses faced with either production loss that needed
stocks to be replaced or damaged inventory, or asset loss which included
repairs for damages to business properties.
International
Assistance and Transparency Issues
Several
countries like Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea and Israel had
provided assistance and personnel to help in the rebuilding of damaged or
destroyed infrastructure.
By helping in
the implementation process, they supported local staff who were stretched to
the limits with the huge magnitude of the rehabilitation work that needed to be
done. They also provided monitoring and evaluation on how their donated funds
were utilized. By being part of the implementation process, they were able to
ensure that there was compliance with anti-corruption processes and procedures.
(A number of comments on social media had been critical of donations
made by some developed nations. They felt that the aid was small when pegged
against the magnitude of TC Winston’s damage to infrastructure.
It had been clarified that the initial assistance provided to Fiji was
to deal immediately with the urgent need for rations. Once a full assessment
was carried out, donors could then provide more substantive assistance to
repair infrastructure, build homes and assist in crop rehabilitation. The
European Union, for example, had sent an expert from their Emergency Response
Coordination Centre to take part in an assessment of the humanitarian impact of
TC Winston and recommended how best the EU should support relief and recovery.)
The Royal Fiji
Military Forces worked alongside their counterparts from the Australian Defence
Force in reconstructing Government facilities in the Western Division as well
as coastal areas of Tailevu.
The New Zealand Defence
Force was deployed to Vanuabalavu and Koro islands. Colonel Glenn King said
that they had been working under 3 integrity and transparency principles
dealing with unity of purpose, family unity and hospitality.
South Korea undertook rebuilding works in Nawowo village in Ovalau.
The Japanese Government
provided emergency relief assistance of US$170,000. They had extended
additional aid of FJ$5.6 million.
The
European Union had provided FJ$10 million through the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) to complement the
Fijian Government’s efforts in relief, recovery and rehabilitation.
The United States provided US$500,000
to sustain displaced families with water, sanitation and hygiene assistance, as
well as another US$200,000 to support humanitarian coordination. These efforts
added to the US$100,000 provided by the US Agency for International Development
(USAID) on February 24.
The Solomon Islands
Government provided SOL$5m toward Fiji’s relief efforts.
The
Government of China provided US$100,000 on 23 February and a further
US$1 million on 4 March. India supplied US$1 million as immediate
assistance, and also deployed a C-17 Globemaster III
carrying 40 tons of aid
The Government of South Korea
provided FJ$107,000.
Indonesia pledged FJ$10.38 million
(US$5 million) and also agreed to rebuild Queen Victoria School.
Australia provided an
immediate relief package worth A$5 million on 22 February. This increased
to A$33.7 million by 21 April
France sent two CASA/IPTN CN-235
aircraft loaded with emergency supplies for Taveuni and Vanua Levu.
2016
Auditor General’s Report
Auditor
General, Ajay Nand, had noted that purchases of $2.59 million of family packs
for Cyclone Winston victims were properly procured under the Procurement
Regulations which allows the Ministry of Economy to make such purchases during
times of emergencies. Nand clarified that a number of draft accounts (of
Cyclone Winston assistance valued at $245.07 million) were already submitted to
the Auditor General’s Office and a number of reports had been audited. Nand
later submitted a supplementary audit report (on Cyclone Winston finances) with
the corrected information regarding the 2016 reports.
7 Key recommendations
1 It is recommended that the NGO community working in the area of natural
disaster relief & rehabilitation, and all aspects dealing with transparent
and accountable processes have regular meetings through the National Disaster Coordinating
Committee or through other state and/or non-state agencies specifically set up
for this purpose.
2.
It is recommended that the NGO Community work in close collaboration
with the National Disaster Management Office, the divisional commissioners and
anti corruption agencies like FICAC to expedite effective responses in pre and
post-disaster interventions.
3.
It is recommended that there be an annual gathering of stakeholders
involved in disaster relief and rehabilitation with the aim of sharing best practices
and networking as a pre-emptive strategy to dealing with disasters. (The
gathering will include government agencies, the donor community, NGOs and other
relevant groups)
4.
It is recommended that a register of volunteers be maintained, and that
regular training be provided on all aspects of disaster relief and rehabilitation
including transparency and accountability issues.
5.
It is recommended that there be regular public education on transparency
issues of ration distribution. (It is noted that many victims of disasters are
ignorant of existing laws and not aware that the bartering or sale of rations
is an offence under Fiji’s laws.)
6.
It is recommended that government and non-government agencies be
familiarised with corruption complaints mechanism so as to expedite reporting
to FICAC, the Police and other relevant agencies.
9. References
References
December
10, 2014: Transparency International. Preventing Corruption in Humanitarian
Operations.
http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/pub/preventing_corruption_in_humanitarian_operations
Feb
1, 2010. Transparency International.
Handbook of Good Practices: preventing
Corruption in Humanitarian Operations. http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/handbook_of_good_practices_preventing_corruption_in_humanitarian_operations
Feb
21, 2016.TC Winston road closures. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/02/21/alert-tc-winston-road-closures/
Feb
24, 016. Relief for cyclone victims pour in. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/02/24/relief-for-cyclone-winston-victims-pour-in/
March
3, 2016. FICAC on lookout for corrupt practices on the back of TC Winston. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/05/ficac-on-lookout-for-corrupt-practices-on-the-back-of-cyclone-winston/
March
12, /2016. 50 water tanks for cyclone Winston victims’. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/12/50-water-tanks-for-cyclone-winston-victims/
March
14, 2016. A-G Discusses Energy Sector Resilience
Help After Winston With Indian Energy Minister. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/14/a-g-discusses-energy-sector-resilience-help-after-winston-with-indian-energy-minister/.
April
1, /2016. Fiji thanks Indonesia for Cyclone Winston assistance. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/04/01/pm-thanks-indonesia-for-cyclone-winston-assistance/
Feb
25, 2016. Severe TC Winston's death toll www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=343047
Feb
25, 2016 Severe TC Winston devastates Hidden Paradise, w
ww.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342597
February
22, 2016. Two of the eight floating bure from five-star hotel
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342597
Feb
22, 2016 TC Winston: Significant damage expected to roads
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342464
Feb
20, 2016 Flooding during and after TC Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342464
Feb
19, 2016 Update: TROPICAL Cyclone Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342260
Feb
19, 2016. TC Winston could return - Fiji Times Online
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=341899
Feb
12, 2016. TC Winston intensifies
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=341367
Feb
22, 2016. TC Winston destroys home,
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342580
Feb
22, 2016. Unity in the wake of TC Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344396
March
14: TC Winston hit Dawasamu - Fiji ...
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=346899
March
17, 2016. TC Winston costs Agriculture sector $208.3million
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=345939
March
13, 2016. SEVERE TC Winston - globalisation at its best.
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=345387
March
04, 2016.TC Winston destroys pine plantations
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344261
Mar
18, 2016. Rebuilding a nation
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=345969
March
03, 2016 Severe TC Winston wreaked havoc
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344025
May
04, 2016. Desks, chairs for schools affected by TC Winston www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=352408
Feb
21, 2016.TC Winston road closures. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/02/21/alert-tc-winston-road-closures/
Feb
24, 016. Relief for cyclone victims pour in. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/02/24/relief-for-cyclone-winston-victims-pour-in/
March
3, 2016. FICAC on lookout for corrupt practices on the back of TC Winston. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/05/ficac-on-lookout-for-corrupt-practices-on-the-back-of-cyclone-winston/
March
12, /2016. 50 water tanks for cyclone Winston victims’. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/12/50-water-tanks-for-cyclone-winston-victims/
March
14, 2016. A-G Discusses Energy Sector Resilience
Help After Winston With Indian Energy Minister. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/03/14/a-g-discusses-energy-sector-resilience-help-after-winston-with-indian-energy-minister/.
April
1, /2016. Fiji thanks Indonesia for Cyclone Winston assistance. http://fijisun.com.fj/2016/04/01/pm-thanks-indonesia-for-cyclone-winston-assistance/
Feb
25, 2016. Severe TC Winston's death toll www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=343047
Feb
25, 2016 Severe TC Winston devastates Hidden Paradise,
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342597
February
22, 2016. Two of the eight floating bure from five-star hotel
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342597
Feb
22, 2016 TC Winston: Significant damage expected to roads
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342464
Feb
20, 2016 Flooding during and after TC Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342464
Feb
19, 2016 Update: TROPICAL Cyclone Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342260
Feb
19, 2016. TC Winston could return - Fiji Times Online
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=341899
Feb
12, 2016. TC Winston intensifies
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=341367
Feb
22, 2016. TC Winston destroys home,
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=342580
Feb
22, 2016. Unity in the wake of TC Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344396
March
14: TC Winston hit Dawasamu - Fiji ...
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=346899
March
17, 2016. TC Winston costs Agriculture sector $208.3million
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=345939
March
13, 2016. SEVERE TC Winston - globalisation at its best.
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?ref=archive&id=345387
March
04, 2016.TC Winston destroys pine plantations
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344261
Mar
18, 2016. Rebuilding a nation
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=345969
March
03, 2016 Severe TC Winston wreaked havoc
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=344025
May
04, 2016. Desks, chairs for schools affected by TC Winston
www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=352408
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